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Studies distinguishing between e-cigarettes with and without nicotine found increases in endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial vesicles, plasma myeloperoxidase, arterial stiffness, changes in nicotine receptors, alveolar macrophages, and mononuclear phagocytes, leading to altered inflammatory responses and increased pulmonary susceptibility in users of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes (29, 41, 46)

Existing reviews either focus solely on the mechanisms of AECs and their relationship to lung injury/fibrosis or broadly explore the role of mitochondrial dynamics in lung diseases

L., Aucamp, P

The culture of IPPUKU, has been preserved in visual form through ukiyo-etraditional Japanese woodblock prints