On one hand, protecting youth from nicotine initiation and addiction remains a core priority, especially given the increase in adolescent vaping in many countries
Color The discrepancies between mean rankings of harm, attractiveness, and appeal seem larger for color than other brand features based on inspection of the radar plot (Figure 1)
Articles had to meet the following inclusion criteria to be considered: (1) they must be peer-reviewed, (2) field samplings must have been conducted between 2013 and 2024 in urban or coastal areas, (3) must present cigarette butts density directly, i.e., cigarette butts per square meter, or a way to calculate it indirectly, based on the total anthropogenic litter density (items per square meter) and the cigarette butts percentage
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