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1 Introduction Cigarette smoking and physical inactivity are two of the major risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which are the leading cause of death globally ( Cigarette smoking is associated with a higher risk for coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, pulmonary diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), several types of cancer, and many other diseases ( Physical inactivity is associated with an increased risk for coronary heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and different cancers as well as dementia, stroke, and depression ( The National Center for Health Statistics ( In Germany, the difference between men and women in terms of their smoking behavior is much smaller
They fear manufacturers of electronic nicotine devices are 'making false and unproven claims, misleading the public into thinking these products are harmless (they are not) and effective cessation aids (which is unknown)'
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Maternal smoking during pregnancy was one of the risk factors of childhood proteinuria - a sign of kidney disease
