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21 Convergent construct validity Because no gold standard exists against which the criterion related validity of ND measures can be assessed, we examined convergent construct validity in three ways: (1) rst, because evidence of convergent construct validity is provided if the indicator examined correlates as expected with other indica- tors known or thought to be related to the construct under investigation, 21 we tested the association between each indica- tor and smoking status, and then quit attempts (both of which are known to be associated with ND, at least in adults 22 )
Highsmith (born 1946) is a photographer, author, and publisher who has photographed all 50 of the United States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico for 30 years
In Cuba, cigars are known by many names, including puros , tabacos , and habanos