Abstract Plastics, ubiquitous in daily life and industry, are released into the environment in substantial quantities
Consistent with the above, Results from animal experiments suggest that chronic nicotine exposure, whether through minipumps, intravenous self-administration, or other delivery methods, results in dependence characterized by withdrawal symptoms such as somatic signs, anxiety, and anhedonia, as indicated by an elevated reward threshold 19,20,21
The former perform best with smoldering fires that generate relatively large airborne particulates
However, due to the implementation of smoke-free policies [1] and the diversification of tobacco market worldwide [2,3,4,5], the increasing use of smokeless tobacco products has become a growing global health concern