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The lower limit of detection (LLOD) for serum cotinine is 0.015 ng/mL

En pratique clinique, les rsultats varient selon le profil du patient, le niveau de motivation et la profondeur de la dpendance psychologique

Haseler M, Ben Abdallah L, El Fels L, El Hayany B, Hassan G, Escobar-Snchez G, Robbe E, von Thenen M, Loukili A, Abd El-Raouf M, Mhiri F, El-Bary AA, Schernewski G, Nassour A (2025) Assessment of beach litter pollution in Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco: a study of macro and meso-litter on Mediterranean beaches

Although the labeling indicates whether a product contains nicotine or not, according to Suelves, the composition can be difficult to understand, leading to confusion