Study protocol and data collection We retrieved the participants basic characteristics such as gender, age, pack-years (packs per day years), the number of daily cigarettes, and the Fagerstrm test of nicotine dependence (FTND) score 23 , using a questionnaire administered by trained nurses, during the participants first smoking cessation outpatient clinic visit
As we have witnessed, the pandemic has been stigmatised, associated with China, and used politically by some Western politicians, such as the previous president of the USA Donald Trump, to stir up global anti-China sentiment [7]
It's important to note that any potential cardiovascular benefits associated with alcohol are outweighed by the risks of excessive and daily consumption
While the dangers of smoking are widely known to anyone who smokes, they are probably even more dangerous for persons living with HIV