parosmia cigarette smoke Mayo Clinic Q and A: Toxic chemicals from cigarettes remain toxic in secondhand Cadmium, found in cigarettes and

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement

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It should not be forgotten that for some years now nicotine also has been consumed using electronic devices, the so-called electronic cigarettes (EC), which are also known to produce second-hand (SHV) and thirdhand vapor (THV) and environmentally polluting residues.49 Tobacco, in addition to its already proven and known toxicity, has been registered as a clear emerging contaminant, since both cigarette and EC consumption are also a source of exposure to heavy metals that are also considered contaminants: rare earth elements (REE), which come from the use and consumption of technological and electronic devices and which, when deposited on the ground, are absorbed by the tobacco plant and can accumulate