effect of cigarette Smoking harms not just your physical health, but your mental health too Smoking and Your Heart -

More specific experiments showed that blockade of muscle-type nAChRs effectively prevents nicotine-mediated calcium internalization through PKC and p38, but not p42/44 signaling

Eppie VI

Matthew Springer, a professor at University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, studied the effects of smoke on rats and found exposure to secondhand marijuana smoke makes it harder for arteries to expand and allow a healthy flow of blood

These microbiota changes persisted partially in former smokers, suggesting incomplete restoration post-cessation and potentially contributing to smoking-related gastrointestinal diseases [18]