Pharmacotherapy is important in smoking cessation because quit-smoking medications promote long-term abstinence by easing tobacco withdrawal symptoms and blocking nicotines positive reinforcing effects without producing significant adverse side effects, according to a 2023 article by Pajai et al., published in the journal Cureus , titled Pharmacotherapy in Tobacco Cessation: A Narrative Review . Additionally, medications like varenicline disrupt the neurobiological pathways implicated in tobacco addiction and have been found to be effective even in patients who are unwilling to quit, according to a 2022 article by Gaddey et al., published in the journal American Family Physician , titled Smoking Cessation Interventions .
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Genes and (common) pathways underlying drug addiction
While tobacco was responsible for the deaths of 480,000 Americans in 2013, and alcohol for 29,001 deaths in the same year, heroin, prescription drugs, and cocaine combined to kill a notably smaller number of people: 4,202, according to figures released by the Centers for Disease Control