While its main function is to carry out cellular respiration, a process that converts nutrients from food into ATP, there are many other functions mitochondria perform, including metabolic signaling, calcium regulation, autophagy (cellular clean-up) and apoptosis (cell death), neurogenesis (growth of new nerve tissue) and neuronal plasticity (aka neuroplasticity- our brains ability to grow and adapt), as well as the synthesis of other molecules (especially those in the immune system)
In the randomized placebo-controlled HOME trial of 390 adults with type 2 diabetes (de Jager and colleagues, Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency, BMJ, 2010), metformin lowered serum B12 by a mean of 19 percent over 4.3 years
It is the first dual incretin agonist, targeting both glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors, providing superior glycaemic control and weight loss compared to single-target GLP-1 agonists
Many clients have experienced quick and noticeable improvements in energy and overall well-being after starting B12 injections, when medically indicated
