Zuo S, Liu T, Li L, Xu H, Guo J, Wang Q, et al
acting upon different organs such as the pancreatic islets, the hypothalamus or the stomach, for the release of insulin, to regulate food intake or gastric emptying respectively (5 Surprisingly, this heterogeneous and highly plastic population of cells is known to differentiate from a single staminal progenitor that gives also rise to enterocytes, goblet and paneth cells ( It has been known for more than a century that the gut is capable to stimulate the endocrine portion of the pancreas and even improve the hyperglycaemic state of diabetic patients ( In the last three decades, the incretin-effect has been attributed primarily to two peptide hormones, the gastric-insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), excreted primarily by duodenal (K) and ileo-colonic (L) enteroendocrine cells respectively ( Obesity and Type 2 diabetes are chronic diseases for which the most effective treatment is bariatric surgery
Additional examples are certain diseases and infectious agents such as Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, genital herpes, chicken pox, fifth disease, toxoplasmosis, diabetes and hyperthermia
This can lead to better engagement in therapeutic activities and improved learning outcomes
