Bone Min
(2023), which included 18 randomized controlled trials, revealed that supplementation of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in CKD patients could significantly lower C-reactive protein, IL-6, and IS and improved levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in comparison to the control group, but had no substantial effect on p-CS, low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, TNF-, triglyceride, albumin, hemoglobin, total cholesterol, phosphorus, calcium, or uric acid in the serum of the patients (Chen C
HardanAYFungLKLiboveRAObukhanychTVNairSHerzenbergLAet al
It does mean that in the wrong context especially with SIBO or SIFO they can worsen fermentation and cognitive symptoms instead of helping