doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101229
Cautionary voices in the medical community highlight that until we have more data, BPC-157 should be considered an experimental substance
Key Takeaways Anti-inflammatory peptides target NF-kB, cytokine, and oxidative stress pathways without broad immunosuppression KPV, BPC-157, TB-500, and GHK-Cu are the most widely researched peptides for inflammation Mechanism of action varies some modulate NF-kB directly, others reduce inflammation through mitochondrial or hormonal pathways Research peptides are not approved for human anti-inflammatory use and should stay in a research-only context Chronic inflammation is a root driver of metabolic disease, autoimmune conditions, neurodegeneration, and accelerated aging
Hub genes were subsequently analyzed for enrichment, proteinprotein interactions (PPIs), and different immunological microenvironments, and potential hub gene were identified using MCC method and LASSO