Lee, 2018
Useful investigations include: Cytokine panels to assess ongoing inflammatory activation Lymphocyte subset analysis to characterize immune dysfunction patterns Organic acid testing to evaluate mitochondrial function and cellular energy metabolism Comprehensive stool analysis to assess microbiome status and intestinal permeability Cortisol and adrenal function testing Viral reactivation panels including EBV and CMV antibody titer tests Autonomic function testing, including heart rate variability analysis, and Advanced nutrient status including glutathione, CoQ10, NAD+ markers, B vitamins, and magnesium This holistic picture of your health allows for targeted interventions rather than generic symptom management, fostering more effective long COVID treatment

While easy to take, it comes with key limitations: Lower bioavailability Slower onset of benefits It is less effective for those with absorption issues or gut inflammation May require higher doses for similar effects Can you take NAD orally
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