Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by chronic structural damage and dysfunction of the kidneys caused by a variety of etiological factors, with a duration of more than 3 months ( Although the pathogenesis of CKD is complex and diverse and multiple pathological processes interact during disease progression, the prevailing view suggests that the accumulation of gut-derived uremic toxins (GUTs) in vivo may be a central factor in the occurrence and progression of CKD ( Given the impact of GUTs on CKD, in recent years, researchers have attempted to reduce the production of GUTs by killing GUT-producing bacteria, reducing substrate uptake, and inhibiting the function of related enzymes to slow the progression of CKD ( Astaxanthin (AST) is a small-molecule fat-soluble pigment belonging to the carotenoid family, which is widely found in shrimp, crabs, salmon, oysters, algae and fungi ( To address the unresolved mechanisms of AST in CKD, this study combined network pharmacology prediction with experimental validation

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