Gastrointestinal Cytoprotection In its original gastric biology context, BPC-157 promotes mucosal integrity through prostaglandin-independent mechanisms, modulates enteric neuron and glial cell activity, counteracts NSAID-induced intestinal permeability, and demonstrates organoprotective activity across the alimentary canal from oesophagus to colon in a range of injury models including ethanol, aspirin, and restraint stress-induced lesions
Curcio M, Brindisi M, Cirillo G, Frattaruolo L, Leggio A, Rago V, et al
The wide deficiency prevalence range reported among vegans 5 to 52% in a 2024 Proceedings of the Nutrition Society study reflects the dramatic difference between those who supplement consistently and those who do not
However, intramuscular shots are usually given in small volumes (a few milliliters), limiting the dose