In the shuttle, glutamate is converted to glutamine in astrocytes, and then exported to neuronal system A transporters, where it is converted to glutamate intracellularly by phosphate activated glutaminase (21)
In order to evaluate the level of oxidation in tissues, we will quantify the overall ability of antioxidants to counteract oxidative damage total antioxidant capacity (TAC), measure the concentration of LPOand determine the amount of total thiol groups (TTG) in kidney tissue
If you experience severe pain, significant swelling, or signs of infection such as warmth, redness spreading beyond the injection site, or fever, contact a healthcare provider
Nutritional Neuroscience, 25 (1), 64