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Abbreviations AA: Alopecia Areata NAC: N -acetylcysteine System XC: Cystineglutamate transporter exchange transport system EAAT3: Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 ASCT: Alanineserinecysteine transporter GSH: Glutathione Hcy: Homocysteine CBS: Cystathionine--synthase CSE: Cystathionine--lyase GGT: -Glutamyl transpeptidase ROS: Reactive oxygen species MT: Metallothionein Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 PTEN: Phosphate and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 PTP: Protein tyrosine phosphatase CoA: Genome-wide association studies CoA: Coenzyme A TCA: Tricarboxylic acid TRP-1: Tyrosinase-related protein 1 TRP-2: Tyrosinase-related protein 2 GPX4: GSH peroxidase 4 mTORC1: Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 Rag: Recombination activating gene 4EBPs: Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding proteins -glucys: Amino-acid transporter solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11) -glutamatecysteine INF-: Interferon HHcy: Hyperhomocysteinemia CRH: Corticotropinreleasing hormone References Alsenaid A et al (2023) Trichoscopy pattern and evaluation of serum vitamin D status in alopecia areata

Magnesium helps enzymes utilize ATP, a chemical in all living organisms that provides energy, and therefore assists in several ATP-dependent reactions such as glucose metabolism, activation of proteins, and transportation of ions across intracellular membranes