Vitale SG, Fulghesu AM, Miku M, Watrowski R, DAlterio MN, Lin LT, Shah M, Reyes-Muoz E, Sathyapalan T, Angioni S
Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain) and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS, penicillin, streptomycin, L-glutamine, and 50 U/mL of human recombinant interleukin 2 (IL2) [49]
Grape seed procyanidin activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), thereby downregulating the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), achieving the regulation of lipid metabolism, inhibiting cell proliferation, blocking the inflammatory cascade, alleviating vascular inflammation, and reversing the vascular structural remodeling of PASMCs (Liu et al., 2020)