Introduction Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent and debilitating gastrointestinal condition characterized by recurrent flare-ups of symptoms such as increased central pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation ( Post-viral gastroenteritis, pre-morbid psychological disorders, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis mediate a maladaptive stress response, which is essential for the onset, intensity, and persistence of IBS-associated symptoms ( The Rome IV diagnostic criteria are currently used to diagnose IBS, which is divided into four subgroups based on bowel habits, bowel function, and stool consistency: constipation dominant (IBS-C), diarrhea dominant (IBS-D), mixed (IBS-M), and unclassified/unspecified IBS (IBS-U) ( Following food consumption, the metabolic endocrine cascade begins with gastric emptying
Unlike some diabetes treatments such as thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 agonists may actually have mild diuretic effects
Whether current medications include growth hormone, insulin, glucose-lowering drugs, anabolic agents, or other peptide therapeutics [7] [19]
Clin Sci (1999) 96:33542
