Science 347 , 12531256 (2015)
Given its intimate association with ROS, cell death can be triggered by genetically programmed mechanisms (such as apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis), metabolic dysfunction, including ferroptosis, cuproptosis, oxytosis, disulfidptosis [6] and the recently identified sodium-dependent cell death [7]
The single human musculoskeletal paper that gets cited often is a small retrospective case series of intra-articular BPC-157 injections for multiple types of knee pain. It reported improvement in 11 of 12 patients, but the study has major limitations: no control group, no standardized objective outcome measures, no imaging confirmation of pathology, and unclear diagnostic specificity
It is not recommended to use GLP-1 therapies like Trulicity and Victoza (liraglutide) if there is a family history of medullary cell carcinoma of the thyroid or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 (MEN 2)