4,5 Incretin-based therapies (IBTs) have reshaped the treatment landscape by offering a physiologically targeted approach to long-term weight control, and they may be contributing to recent declines in U.S
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However, both medications cause similar types of side effects, primarily nausea, diarrhoea, and vomiting during dose escalation
In vitro studies have shown that certain flavonoids, at high concentrations, can inhibit the growth of probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus app., while promoting the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens and inducing the accumulation of harmful metabolites, including H 2 S and NH 3 (Pan et al., 2023), which may adversely affect gut microbial homeostasis under specific conditions