can tirzepatide cause heartburn Side Effects: Common & Rare Reactions Explained Is Acid Reflux a Side

A study examining glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) overexpressing mice, a genetic model for neurodegeneration, further suggests that neuroinflammation in the ventral rather than dorsal hippocampus contributes to anxiety-like behavior (Fuster-Matanzo et al., 2011)

The liver and the gut are connected by the portal vein, creating a continuous feedback loop known as the gut-liver axis

Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuins (including SIRT1 and SIRT3) further enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy, mitigating oxidative damage and neuroinflammatory stress, which are implicated in post-COVID cognitive dysfunction [42, 43]

Nature 560 , 649654 (2018)