In addition, individuals who may be vitamin K deficient due to liver failure, those with a propensity to bleed (e.g., bleeding peptic ulcers), and those with inherited bleeding disorders (e.g., hemophilia) or a history of hemorrhagic stroke, should not take -tocopherol supplements without close medical supervision because of the increased risk of hemorrhage (119, 128)
The only placebo-controlled trial (Zubair et al., 2016) used 1,200 mg twice weekly for 6 weeks, showing only 37.5% completion rate versus 18.7% placebo, with benefits fading by 6 months
The path forward requires a paradigm shift from reactive antioxidant supplementation to precision redox medicine, leveraging genomics, microbiome science, and targeted delivery systems to break the gap of OS in DM
Myth 2: Everyone Gets Identical Results Reality: Results vary greatly among individuals