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The anti-inflammatory pathways are primarily mediated by the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) 147

[PubMed: 20020371] 177

in the other outcome, the injured tissue continues to deteriorate, and the mechanism of the persisting damage involves gliosis with the loss of support of neurotrophic factors, persistent inflammatory receptor activation, and changes in microglia and astrocytes that continue to release harmful cytokines, which promote neuronal death and axonal injury

Together, these kinetics produce a synergistic GH waverapid onset from CJC-1295 followed by extended stimulation from Ipamorelin