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Access this article Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations ADMA: Asymmetric dimethylarginine ARE: Antioxidant response element CVD: Cardiovascular disease CKD: Chronic kidney disease eNOS: Endothelium nitric oxide synthase GSH: Glutathione GSH-PX: Glutathione peroxidase H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1 IS: Indoxyl sulfate MPO: Myeloperoxidase NADPH: Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NO: Nitric oxide NOX: NADPH oxidase NQO1: NADPH quinone oxidoreductase Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 O 2 : Superoxide anion OS: Oxidative stress OxLDL: Oxidized low-density lipoproteins ROS: Reactive oxygen species SDMA: Symmetric dimethylarginine Se: Selenium SOD: Superoxide dismutase XO: Xanthine oxidase XDH: Xanthine dehydrogenase References Locatelli F, Canaud B, Eckardt K-U, Stenvinkel P, Wanner C, Zoccali C (2003) Oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease: an emerging threat to patient outcome

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For each clinical trial, we have enlisted the therapy stage, name of the trial, molecular subtype, agent and their target, sample size, the clinical phase they are in, approval status and the arms, i.e., the manner in which they are given to patients