1 Introduction Substance use disorders (SUDs) represent a major global public health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity, premature mortality, and socioeconomic burdens ( One promising strategy involves repurposing existing medications with well-established safety profiles ( Despite promising findings in animal studies, human studies remain limited
When people try to work out on extremely low calories, protein shakes alone, or a near-zero-carb intake that does not match their activity, performance often suffers
Although the primary endpoint here is the treatment of liver damage, one of the trials secondary endpoints is alcohol consumption
Methods: This article is a Systematic Review that synthesizes recent multi-omics and clinical evidence on mechanisms (hormonal, immune-inflammatory, oxidative stress/ferroptosis, genetic/epigenetic, microbiome/metabolic) and appraises therapeutic strategies spanning surgery, hormonal suppression, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and emerging adjuncts