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Therefore, the intestine serves as a barrier tissue whereby a monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells establishes a multilayered physicochemical barrier ( The mucosal barrier also includes mucin, antimicrobial peptides, and dimeric (or more polymeric) IgA secreted by goblet cells, Paneth cells, and plasma cells, respectively ( Altered microbial composition, termed dysbiosis, has been implicated in mucosal barrier dysfunction and inflammatory responses, which predispose the host animals to systemic diseases (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, food allergy, obesity, and autoimmune diseases) ( Table 1 )
In type 1 diabetes, both hormones are absent
Therapies like BPC-157 may one day become supportive tools in this toolkit, but they must be considered experimental
Council NR
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