High doses of IV vitamin C are used most frequently in conjunction with cancer treatment and provide a pro-oxidant effect which can ONLY be achieved with very high IV doses of vitamin C
Njoo MD, Westerhof W, Bos JD, Bossuyt PMM
GLP1 General Function and Its Effect on HPG Axis GLP-1 is an incretin, which is a hormone produced by the small intestine cells in the distal ileum and colon in response to food intake, whose levels are low in T2DM patients ( Furthermore, GLP-1 seems to be implicated in the control of HPG function, as it modulates the activity of hypothalamic GnRH neurons and gonadal development ( in-vitro experiments on neuronal cell line, a concentration-dependent increase in luteinizing hormone- realizing hormone (LH-RH) release associated with intracellular cAMP accumulation was observed, after GLP-1 analog injections, supporting an activity of GLP-1 on GnRH neurons ( Kiss-1 gene expression and increasing kisspeptin release ( In animal studies, as well, GLP-1 analog administration induced GnRH neuron release via modulation of nitric-oxide and endocannabinoid pathways that regulate the GABAergic current in the postsynaptic GnRH neurons ( In addition, studies in adult healthy men however have demonstrated that an infusion of GLP-1 after oral glucose ingestion during an euglycemic clamp reduces the number of pulsatile testosterone (T) secretion with a trend towards a longer T pulse duration by a mechanism independent of LH release, without altering the mean reproductive hormone levels ( Lastly, protein expression of GLP-1R was found in human and mouse testis, while increased mRNA content was demonstrated in human testis as well as in Leydig and Sertoli cell lines of mice ( Therefore, all these data may support the involvement of GLP-1 on the HPG axis and its potential impact on the male gonadal function
Several factors influence tirzepatide's pharmacokinetics: Elimination pathway : Tirzepatide is primarily eliminated through proteolytic breakdown in the body, not through renal excretion Dose and duration of treatment : Higher doses and longer treatment periods result in greater drug accumulation Body weight : Body weight is a known covariate that can modestly affect drug exposure Steady-state concentrations : With weekly dosing, tirzepatide reaches steady-state levels after approximately 4 weeks of consistent administration According to FDA prescribing information, no dose adjustment is required for patients with renal impairment (including end-stage renal disease) or hepatic impairment, as these conditions do not significantly affect tirzepatide clearance
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