These pathways include the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B)-mediated cascades, which regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration
PMID 1478791
Furthermore, it has been reported that the administration of exenatide attenuates the renal inflammation index, including reducing the TNF-, IL-6, hsCRP, and CCL5 levels, in STZ-induced diabetic rats by increasing the superoxide dismutase and decreasing malondialdehyde levels (Wang et al., 2019)
[23] Whey stimulates muscle protein synthesis more effectively than other protein sources, [24] making it ideal for women seeking to maintain strength and function during weight management