Further, female hormone estrogens are determinants that mediate body adiposity levels and body fat distribution in addition to glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity
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Of the records screened, 46 studies were excluded as they were non-clinical studies (including reviews, editorials, and or conference abstracts), 121 studies were excluded because those studies involved non-human subjects, 28 studies were excluded as they were not conducted in AD or MCI patients, 1 study was excluded as it did not have a healthy control group, and 14 studies were excluded as they did not measure GSH in the brain
Conversely, the values of mitochondrial respiration activating complex I, linked complex I and II, uncoupled respiration and electron transport system capacity normalized per mitochondrial protein (i.e., mitochondria specific respiration) were all significantly higher following testosterone supplementation compared to placebo
