The strong nucleophilicity of the thiol group allows the design of reaction-based sensors which can switch on/off and/or alter emission colors in response to thiols 17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27
The funder(s) did not have any role in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and in the decision to submit the article for publication
10 November 2025 A Correction to this paper has been published: Abbreviations AGEs: Advanced glycation end products AKT2: AKT serine/threonine kinase-2 Apaf-1: Apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 AR: Androgen receptors ARKO: Androgen receptor knockout ATP: Adenosine triphosphate BCAAs: Branched-chain amino acids BPA: Bisphenol A BTB: The blood-testis barrier CAT: Catalase CBT: Cognitive behavioral therapy CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein CML: Carboxymethyl lysine CRP: Reactive protein DM: Diabetes mellitus ED: Erectile dysfunction EGCG: Epigallocatechin gallate eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase ER: Endoplasmic reticulum FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone GLUT4: Glucose transporter 4 GnRH: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase HATs: Histone acetyltransferases HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin A1c HH: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism HPG: Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal HPT: Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein IL-1: Interleukin-1 IR: Insulin resistance IR-: Insulin receptor subunit IRS-1: Insulin receptor substrate 1 JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase LH: Luteinizing hormone lncRNAs: long non-coding RNAs LR: Inflammation-related ligand-receptor MDA: Malondialdehyde MetS: Metabolic syndrome MFI: Male factor infertility miRNAs: MicroRNAs MMAF: Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella MMP: Mitochondrial membrane potential mPTP: Mitochondrial permeability transition pores mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin NO: Nitric oxide OP-2: Water-soluble okra polysaccharide PiRNAs: PIWI-interacting RNAs PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase PPARs: Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors RAGE: Advanced glycation end products ROS: Reactive oxygen species SHBG: Sex hormone-binding globulin siRNAs: Small interfering RNAs SLC2A4: Solute carrier family 2 member 4 snoRNAs: Small nucleolar RNAs SOD: Superoxide dismutase SREBPs: Sterol-regulatory element binding proteins STZ: Streptozotocin T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus TCA: Tricarboxylic acid TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- TRT: Testosterone replacement therapy TZDs: Thiazolidinediones UPR: Unfolded protein response 1-NP: 1-Nitropropene 8-oxoG: The mutagenic 8-oxoguanine References Li Y, et al
Plasma and erythrocyte free amino acid quantification Heparin-anticoagulated WB was centrifuged at 4 (sd 2)C for 30 min at 3000 g (cross-sectional study) and 10 min at 2000 g (GLY inclusion level and supplementation studies) to separate the plasma, buffy coat and erythrocytes
