GLP-1 medications like Ozempic affect multiple body systems through these primary mechanisms: Stimulating insulin secretion: When blood glucose levels rise after meals, Ozempic triggers the pancreas to release insulin in a glucose-dependent manner, helping cells absorb sugar from the bloodstream Decreasing glucagon release: The medication suppresses the hormone glucagon, which normally signals the liver to release stored glucose, thereby preventing unnecessary increases in blood sugar Slowing gastric emptying: By delaying how quickly food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine, Ozempic prolongs feelings of fullness and reduces post-meal blood sugar spikes this same mechanism (which healthcare providers now recognize) has been linked to severe complications in litigation Affecting brain receptors: The medication acts on GLP-1 receptors in brain regions that control appetite and satiety, contributing to substantial weight loss effects that led to its widespread off-label use The FDA approval in December 2017 marked the beginning of what would become one of the fastest-growing pharmaceutical markets in recent history
Conclusion and Future Perspective The therapeutic benefits of GLP-1RAs in the management of DM extend well beyond glycemic control, offering a broad range of cardiovascular advantages
Indeed, clinical trials with FGF-21 analog monotherapy (e.g., pegbelfermin, efruxifermin, and BOS-580) have generated favorable results in NAFLD, as elsewhere summarized [52]
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