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Release of danger/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), intracellular nucleotides or proteins that become highly immunogenic when liberated into extracellular space, could also occur in primary afferent injury

Consequently, intracellular zinc homeostasis alterations regulate downstream molecular objectives, in addition to protein kinase C (PKC), ERK1/2 activation leading to neuronal cell death, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), phosphodiesterases (PDEs), protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), and transcription factors, such as NF-B

Model Overview Figure 1 shows the biochemical pathways in the hepatic cellular model used in this paper

Direct involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the activation of NF-B has been discussed ( 102 inhibited the TNF induced activation of NF-B pathway dose-dependently with an EC 50 of 60.8 M ( Figure 6 )