Through the glutathione redox cycle, reduced glutathione (GSH) is converted to its oxidized form (GSSG) and then recycled back to its active state, helping maintain the cellular environment required for normal protein function, DNA integrity, and metabolic activity
Glow-boosting duo (glutathione + niacinamide): Glutathione, a powerful antioxidant, inhibits melanin production, while niacinamide blocks pigment from surfacing
Ginsenoside Rd (Rd) at a dose of 20 mg/kg effectively reduced inflammation in DSS-induced mice with colitis, and Rd downregulated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-, IFN-, IL-6, and IL-17A, and IL-12/23 p40, in vivo intestinal and peritoneal macrophages and in vitro isolated intestinal and peritoneal macrophages [252]
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 43.Inamura J, Ikuta K, Jimbo J, Shindo M, Sato K, Torimoto Y, Kohgo Y