5).17 The main described causes are physiological aspects (racial melanonychia and pregnancy), mechanical trauma, post-inflammatory melanonychia (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation), local infections (fungal or bacterial), drug-induced melanonychia (hydroxyurea, tetracyclines, amlodipine, psoralens, zidovudine or some chemotherapeutic agents, mainly cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and capecitabine), systemic diseases (hemosiderosis, HIV, porphyria, alkaptonuria, Addison disease, and Cushing syndrome), specific syndromes (Laugier-Hunziker-Baran, and Peutz-Jeghers syndromes), iatrogenic (phototherapy), and associated with keratinocyte nail tumors (onychomatricoma, onychocytic matricoma, onychopapilloma, and Bowen disease).17,21,2426 Melanocytic activation is usually asymptomatic, and dermoscopy of the nail plate surface reveals, in the majority of cases, a gray background color associated with parallel, thin, and regular lines.17,27,28 However, in individuals with phototypes IV, V, and VI, it may manifest as a brown or black discoloration (Fig
Front Cell Neurosci 16:1024649 Malard E et al (2021) The reactive species interactome in the brain
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