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In cultured cells, GLP-1 mediates its effects through G proteins linked to adenylyl cyclase, resulting in increased intracellular circulating adenosine monophosphate and activation of protein kinase A (PKA) [17]
Excess thyroid hormone stimulates greater bone turnover, and is mainly manifested as increased osteoclast activation leading to increased bone resorption, decreased bone formation, reduced BMD, and increased fracture risk
Going above this threshold in a single meal does not provide additional muscle-building benefit, though the extra protein still contributes to satiety