Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment, including GLP-1 medications.
Gastrointestinal side effects are most common when starting treatment or moving to a higher dose
Primary bile acids like cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) are broken down in the gut by bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and the gut microbiota to produce secondary bile acids, including deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (91, 94)
In 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (MPTP/P)-induced Parkinsons disease model mice, MPTP/P injection increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the expression of caspase-3 in the hippocampus, while berberine administration reversed these effects (Kim et al., 2014)