Retinol activates nuclear retinoic acid receptors and drives collagen gene transcription, but frequently causes irritation, peeling, and photosensitivity at therapeutic concentrations
Finally, for children and adolescents, it is important to accentuate that neither EFSA nor the FDA have indicated a safe limit, suggesting that these substances should be avoided altogether, as further emphasised by the American Academy of Pediatrics due to possible long-term negative effects on behavioural disorders
Theoretical Risks Cancer risk: By activating the HGF/c-Met pathway, Dihexa could theoretically promote uncontrolled cell growth, raising concerns about tumor development
A 2014 systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials in a total of 1,734 patients with ESRD found that L-carnitine treatment administered either orally or intravenously resulted in reductions of serum C-reactive protein (a marker of inflammation and predictor of mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis) and LDL-cholesterol, although the latter was not deemed to be clinically relevant (73)