3D), while had no effect on Esr2 (encoding Er protein) mRNA expression (Supplementary Figure S3C)
In laboratory research, GHK-Cu is utilized in gene expression profiling experiments (documented effects on 4,000+ human genes), extracellular matrix research gene expression studies (collagen I, III, IV), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9) and TIMP regulation assays, glycosaminoglycan deposition measurements, decorin and integrin expression studies, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assays, and investigations of VEGF, FGF-2 expression modulation
doi: 10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2017.07.029 Summary Keywords antibacterial naturally derived biopolymers, antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, bacterial infections, mechanism of action Citation Sceglovs A, Skadins I, Chitto M, Kroica J and Salma-Ancane K (2025) Failure or future
Applications and Benefits of GHK-Cu in Skincare Given its remarkable properties, GHK-Cu has become a sought-after ingredient in high-end skincare formulations