Introduction The technology of semen cryopreservation effectively promotes the application of technologies including genetic resource conservation, zootechnical management, and artificial insemination ( However, the cold shock and alterations in atmospheric oxygen seriously led to biochemical, biophysical, ultrastructural, molecular, and functional alterations ( To ameliorate oxidative stress-related damage, the supplementations of antioxidants, including vitamins, coenzymes, exosomes, liposomes, nanomaterials and trace elements such as selenium (Se), copper, and zinc to semen extender have been widely conducted ( According to a previous study, the co-supplementation of vitamin E effectively ameliorates the low toxicity threshold of Se ( GSH, an endogenous antioxidant synthesized from different amino acids including glycine, cysteine, and glutamate, effectively inhibits oxidative stress-related damage and altered ROS production level (33)
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In addition, NCR is controlled by TOR signaling that mediates cell growth and metabolism under different nitrogen and carbon sources
References 1 AvgerinosI.KaragiannisT.MalandrisK.LiakosA.MainouM.BekiariE.et al
