Patients on this protocol who also use metabolic support agents like Metformin should note that both agents activate AMPK, and physician oversight is warranted to avoid compounding effects on blood glucose that could theoretically cause hypoglycemia in susceptible individuals, though this has not been reported clinically with MOTS-c at standard doses
Acknowledgements We would like to thank Gabriela Niewierowska, M.Sc., for her technical assistance with laboratory determinations
When injected subcutaneously, the peptide reaches peak plasma levels within 1-3 hours and is cleared relatively rapidly, likely through peptidase degradation and renal filtration
In addition, several molecules have been studied as an adjuvant therapy, including L-carnitine, CoQ 10 , vitamin E, vine tea polyphenol, cytoprotective agents (ursodeoxycholic acid), and insulin sensitizers (pioglitazone and metformin) (94)