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In addition, in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells, a high concentration of UA causes mitochondrial calcium overload probably by switching the direction of mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX mito ) function from efflux to influx

Moreira, P

The first main section discusses strategies to reinforce the mucus barrier to improve defence against inhaled pathogens, which is especially relevant to respiratory illnesses and environmental pollutants

VMAT2 exploits this H gradient via protonmonoamine exchange to actively transport cytosolic monoamines into the vesicle against their concentration gradient, enabling vesicular storage and subsequent regulated neurotransmitter release