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Reuptake and Metabolic Inhibition : Ephedrine prolongs the residency of norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft by weakly inhibiting NET-mediated reuptake and demonstrating a weak inhibitory effect on mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO), the primary enzyme responsible for catecholamine degradation (Statler et al, 2023)

referred to as the universal antioxidant because it is water & Fat soluble

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Viability was assessed by Zombie UV Fixable Viability Dye (BioLegend) and cytokine production was measured by intracellular cytokine staining after 3 h stimulation with PMA (50 ng ml 1 ) (BioGems) and ionomycin (1 g ml 1 ) (BioGems) in the presence of brefeldin A (1 g ml 1 ) (GolgiPlug, BD Biosciences)