Lys(9) for Glu(9) substitution in glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide confers dipeptidylpeptidase IV resistance with cellular and metabolic actions similar to those of established antagonists glucagon-like peptide-1(936)amide and exendin (939)
Slower escalation schedules and consistent hydration minimize this risk
considerable interest exists in identifying these glucose-independent renoprotective actions Data from clinical trials suggest that GLP-1R agonists and, to a lesser extent, DPP-4 inhibitors marginally improve surrogate renal end points, plausibly beyond the effects of improved glycaemic control Abstract The gastrointestinal tract the largest endocrine network in human physiology orchestrates signals from the external environment to maintain neural and hormonal control of homeostasis
Cramer SL, Saha A, Liu J, Tadi S, Tiziani S, Yan W, Triplett K, Lamb C, Alters SE, Rowlinson S, et al