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The conversion chart helps translate pen doses to vial doses
Chromatography was performed on a 2.1 150 mm, 1.7 m, BEH C18 column (Waters) at 45 C using aqueous HCOOH (0.1% in H 2 O) as solvent A and MeCN containing 0.1% HCOOH as solvent B and the following gradient (flow rate: 0.4 mL/min): For dipeptide analysis in the hydrolysates, chromatography started with 1% solvent B for 2.5 min, which was increased to 95% within 5.5 min, hold for 1.5 min and, then, decreased again to 1% within 0.5 min

Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data (HRA000425) were downloaded from Genome Sequence Archive (SRA)-Human databases in China National Center for Bioinformation 16 , converted into FASTQ format using fasterq-dump software (sratoolkit 3.0.2, NCBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA), converted into a matrix data file using Cell Ranger software version 3.0.2 (10xGenomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA), converted into Seurat objects using Seurat 5.0.1 software (Satija lab, Lower Manhattan, New York, NY, USA), and plotted for t -distributed stochastic neighbor embedding ( t -SNE) visualization