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The first studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1 and exendin-4 in neuronal cells demonstrated their ability to promote neurite outgrowth (a similar effect to that observed with the neurotrophic nerve growth factor) and to protect cultured neurons against glutamate-induced apoptosis [33]

In addition, reactive astrocytes at the perimeter of the fibrotic scar proliferate to form perilesional barrier that protects the adjacent viable nervous tissue

7 Collectively, this study suggested that the tumor microenvironment can deliberately manipulate neutrophil reprogramming, transforming immature (T1) and mature (T2) neutrophils into the pro-tumorigenic T3 phenotype, capable of promoting tumor proliferation and metastasis

This information empowers shared decision-making rather than generic dietary recommendations