Increased levels of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolites and antioxidants An additional new finding is that six sugar phosphates (6-phosphogluconate, diphosphoglycerate, glucose-6-phosphate, glycerol-phosphate, pentose-phosphate, phosphoglycerate and sedoheptulose-7-phosphate) increased more in plasma than in whole blood (Fig
A peer-reviewed overview in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Araj et al., Medical University of Warsaw, 2025) establishing Epithalon as a highly bioactive pineal tetrapeptide with documented mechanisms spanning telomere maintenance, epigenetic regulation, antioxidant defense, immune recalibration, and circadian rhythm restoration provides the scientific framework for all five mechanisms described in this section
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 32(1):1725 Mannaa FA, Abdel-Wahhab KG, Hassan LK, Taher RF, Morsy FA, Fadl NN (2021) Influence of Melissa officinalis methanolic extract on hyperthyroidism in a rat model
Sci Rep 8:10310