Retinaldehyde is reduced to retinol by one of a family of enzymes called retinol dehydrogenases
The second sensitivity analysis was performed to account for misclassification bias of the outcomes
As previously described and according to the diabetes diagnostic criteria from American Diabetes Association (ADA), participants can be identified as diabetes by the following criteria, including self-reported diagnosis, use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic medication, FBG 126 mg/dL or HbA1c level 6.5% [30, 31]
At designated time points (1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, and at 1 and 2 weeks), the PBS overlay was carefully collected for analysis and immediately replaced with fresh PBS to maintain infinite sink conditions